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We have further investigated the ''meal effect'' on mineral bioavailability in pigs by mineral balance studies and measurements of bone ash contents and bending moment. A group of seven pigs (CAA) was given all its dietary Ca as CaCO 3 5 h after the first daily meal for 8 weeks. The control group of seven pigs received CaCO 3 in the meal. Both groups were given normal P within the...
This study was conducted to evaluate the association between muscle strength of the thigh, different body constitutional parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents. The subjects were 26 healthy adolescent boys, age 15.9 +/- 0.3 years, not training for more than 3 h per week. BMD was measured in total body, head, humerus, spine, femur, and tibia/fibula. Univariate correlations were...
Lean body stature and tallness have both been identified as risk factors for hip fracture. In this study, height and weight data from a multinational multicenter study were used to compare Oslo, which has some of the highest incidence rates of hip fracture ever reported, to other regions of Europe, with respect to height and body mass index. More than 17,000 subjects in six age strata (50-54, 55-59,...
En bloc staining with basic fuchsin has become the method of choice to demonstrate bone microdamage produced in vivo. Several alterations have recently been made to the protocol. This technical note presents the new protocols, which include staining through a graded series of alcohols under vacuum, and eliminating the original evaporation stage in the staining protocol. Reasons for variations in...
During embryogenesis, the creation of marrow sinusoids is intimately related to the coupled processes of osteogenesis and osteoclastic resorption. We set out to further define the relationship between bone formation and marrow development by implanting an intraosseous titanium device into the tibiae of rabbits which permits the examination of bone formation under standardized and reproducible conditions...
In this study, we investigated age-related changes in serum levels of both the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the pyridinoline crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) to elucidate bone formation and resorption, respectively, in 200 normal Japanese children (141 males and 59 females, age range 0-16 years). Furthermore, to clarify the effect of GH on bone turnover,...
The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily oral alendronate treatment on bone mass in postmenopausal women affected by osteoporosis. The efficacy of intranasal salmon calcitonin was also examined. Nine centers in Italy enrolled 286 postmenopausal women between the ages of 48 and 76 with spinal bone mineral density >= 2 SD below adult mean peak in the two-year, double-blind,...
Despite the fact that cells of the mammalian stromal compartment of bone marrow have been shown to contain multipotential stem cells when studied in diffusion chambers it is notable that the same range of possible phenotypes (e.g., chondrocytic) has not been induced in freshly isolated marrow stromal cells in vitro. To investigate the possible role of glycoconjugates on phenotype expression, the...
The occurrence of interleukin-1-positive nerves was investigated by immunohistochemistry in developing heterotopic bone, induced by demineralized allogeneic bone matrix (DBM) in the rat. Interleukin-1 immunoreactivity was observed 1 week after implantation and remained until the end of the experiment at 12 weeks. Immunoreactive material was first identified in mononuclear cells at day 7. Interleukin-1...
We examined the effects of estrogen and calcium supplementation upon bone loss among a cohort of Japanese-American women. The women averaged 64 years of age (age range 45-81) and 14 years postmenopause at their initial examination in 1981. They returned at 1-3-year intervals for subsequent examinations, most recently in 1992-1994. At each examination, bone mass was measured at the calcaneus and...
An ultrasound instrument has recently been developed for the diagnosis and monitoring of osteoporosis (SoundScan 2000, Myriad Ultrasound Systems Ltd., Israel). The instrument measures the speed of propagation of ultrasound waves (SOS, meters per second) along a fixed longitudinal distance of the cortical layer at the tibial shaft. Its in vivo precision is 0.25%. The performance of the SoundScan...
We have investigated the effects on bone resorption of two new potent antiproliferative vitamin D 3 analogs, EB 1089 and KH 1060, by studying recruitment of osteoclasts in murine bone marrow cultures and 45 Ca release from prelabeled neonatal mouse calvarial bones. Binding studies to vitamin D receptor protein, from human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, demonstrated k d values...
In the search of PTH agonists, PTH fragments were examined for both cAMP-dependent and -independent actions on bone-derived assay systems. In a periosteal cell culture system from the embryonic chick, hPTH (18-48) was capable of inducing cell proliferation in a similar manner to hPTH (1-34) and hPTH (28-48) at picomolar concentrations, whereas hPTH (53-84) was inactive. Near physiological concentrations...
A new immunoassay for measuring urinary excretion of type I collagen crosslinked N-telopeptides (NTx) has been reported to be a specific and sensitive method for assessing bone resorption. We have studied factors affecting biological variations in urinary NTx excretion in a population of 452 healthy Japanese adults, comprising 238 men and 214 women, 20-79 years of age. Urinary NTx excretion increased...
High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) techniques combined with standard techniques of stereology and texture analysis have been used to quantify trabecular structure. Using dried excised specimens from the tibia (n = 10) and radius (n = 2) we evaluate the impact of using volumetric gradient-echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) MR imaging sequences, the relative importance of echo time in gradient-echo...
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